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July 04, 2009  
EDUCATION CENTER: Knee Conditions
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  • Deep Vein Thrombosis

    Description

    DVT is a blood clot that forms in a vein that accompanies an artery, or a deep vein. While painful in itself, DVT is also life-threatening: should the clot dislodge and float through the bloodstream, it can block the flow of blood to an area of the body. DVT is a rare—but significant—complication of total knee replacement.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms of DVT are pain or tenderness in one leg only, skin discoloration, and joint pain. It can be accompanied by fever, a sudden, unexplained cough, or joint pain.

    DVT usually affects veins in the lower leg and thigh. It occurs when a blood clot forms in the larger veins; this clot (or thrombus) may interfere with circulation or break off and embolize. The embolus moves though the blood stream and can lodge in any area, causing severe damage to the organ where it settles. The most common is a pulmonary embolism, when the embolus lodges itself in a patient's lung. DVT occurs in approximately 2 out of 1,000 people, most of who are over age 60.

    Cause and Risk Factors

    Causes and Risk factors for DVT include:
    • Prolonged bed rest or immobilization
    • Recent surgery, fracture, or trauma
    • Recent childbirth
    • Obesity
    • Smoking
    • Use of medications such as birth control pills or estrogen

    Treatment

    If DVT is suspected, the patient should consult a doctor immediately. Recent imaging technology has made it possible to conclusively diagnose DVT before treatment. Once diagnosed, the condition will usually resolve itself without damage to the body. If necessary, treatment focuses on the prescription of anticoagulants (anti-clotting agents) or aspirin to prevent new clot formations and to reduce the risk of the clot moving to other parts of the body. Bed rest for a short period is often recommended. In order to reduce swelling, keep leg elevated. Analgesics may be used to control pain, and some medication is recommended to relieve symptoms.

    Prevention

    DVT is otherwise known as "Coach-Class Syndrome" because of its ability to attack otherwise healthy individuals after long flights (over three hours). During long plane flights, move around as much as possible, even if it is limited to wiggling your toes and ankles. If you are expecting surgery, quitting smoking may greatly reduce your risk of deep vein thrombosis. Depending on your risk factors, a doctor may put you on blood thinning agents or anti-coagulants (anti-clotting agents) prior to surgery.

    Last updated: 26-Oct-01

       
     
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