The diagnosis is based on characteristic swelling behind the knee and your doctor can aspirate the mass (place a needle in it) and withdraw characteristic fluid that confirms the diagnosis. There are non-invasive tests as well. An ultrasound will show the characteristic sac that supports the diagnosis. If necessary, an arthroscopic procedure may be necessary to remove the cyst and aspirate the area around it.
There is no specific way to avoid the development of a cyst. Risk factors would include those associated with any degenerative condition of the knee.
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